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Radiograph of a hysterosalpingogram demonstrating a normal appearing uterine cavity (that is filled and in fact distended with radiopaque dye) and bilateral proximal (near the uterus) tubal occlusion (blockage). If this is an incidental finding at the time of hysterosalpingography then the fallopian tubes can often (up to 60-80% of the time) be re-opened with proximal tubal catheterization (a catheter is passed through the cervix into the uterine cavity where it is placed against the tubal ostium = opening under flouroscopic guidance and the radiopaque dye is selectively pushed into the fallopian tube in an attempt to dislodge a barrier or mechanically open the tube). A similar procedure can also be performed under direct visualization during hysteroscopy (surgical procedure) using an operative hysteroscope that contains an operating channel for the catheter... in my experience this is more difficult than the flouroscopic (radiologic) procedure.
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